Fetus Right To Life

Taking a break from celebrating election results...

My knee jerk reaction to whether or not a fetus has a right to life is, yes, they do. Scientifically the fetus is alive, it can hear and has a heartbeat even though it does depend on the woman to stay alive. I would guess that the fetus has a right to life because it is alive.. and that's my reason.

In that case it would have a right not to be aborted because abortion denys the fetus life. The conflict here is that the woman carrying the fetus also has rights and in this country she has a legal right to not carry the fetus to term and give birth if she does not want to.

Of course there are a lot more nuances to my opinion but I don't think we're supposed to get too much into politics and just concentrate on the morality... but I guess you could ask whether or not it is moral for a woman to go through a pregnancy (which is life changing and hazardous to your health) against her will? .. I'll save it for class tomorrow... honestly I'm pretty afraid that discussion tomorrow could get nasty since fetus right is a really tense issue in this country.

Preparation for Discussing Rights

I would say that rights are definitely something that we make group decisions on. The rights we have are definitely based on a majority of people deciding that the right is something we should all have, though a majority saying 'yes' to something doesn't guarantee morality.

A right to having promises kept would probably also infer that there would be a punishment for breaking promises. It would also have to be determined how important a right promise keeping is and would there be any circumstances when you would no longer be obligated to keep a promise. Would you still be obligated to keep it if it put your life in danger, or the life of another person? Or if immoral means were needed to keep the promise? There would definitely need to be guidelines in place.

Could no decision be a good decision? Maybe. I think it would depend on how meaning full it was. If it really made everyone involved think about the issue in an intelligent way than not making a decision on whether promise keeping is a right or not.

On Liberty

It seems like Mill often uses the argument that 'x is not contradictory to utilitarianism because it falls under the umbrella of utilitarianism' and he does the same thing with liberty it seems. His argument makes sense. I'm a little confused as to why he's worried about freedom of action... in a utilitarian society being followed to the letter wouldn't all rational people act morally? I guess there are always those rouge irrational people running amok. He seems to be reasurring people that utilitarianism is not opposed to freedom and individuality, which is nice to read because utilitarianism sounds very robitic at times, like it's compleately about using reason and taking all the emotion (humanity?) out of ethics.

Mill also argues that society should only interfere with an individual's freedom when they are infringing the rights of another person... I think I picked up on most of the important things... see you in class tomorrow to make sure.

Justice

Mill certainly has a lot to say about Justice. After discussing what justice means to different people he seems to come to the conclusion that justice is an individual response to when a person feels their rights have been violated. I may be getting this wrong but I think the point Mill is making is that justice can't be part of utilitarianism because it is so individual and utilitarianism is about finding a universal ethical system. As usual I look forward to seeing what it's all about in class.

Reading Mill

Okay... I think I get what he means by proof. I was really confused when he said you couldn't use reason to understand Utilitarianism because it seems to me we use reason to explain and justify almost everything. He seems to be saying that you need to use proof, as in evidence, to beleive something is valid. I think he mentions something about how reason is disputable but proof is not. Although that sounds resonable... oh no. I better drop this reason/proof buisness before I confound myself.
I now see why we talked about happiness since Mill thinks happiness encompasses all things that people desire... which I'm going to agree with. We don't do anything that doesn't either give us pleasure or is a step toward getting pleasure. It is interesting that he has a definite system on how to make a moral decision, you choose whatever causes the least amount of pain and the most pleasure for the most people.

I think I hit on all the important things... now to go read other peoples blogs and walk through the freezing weather to class tomorrow to see what I missed or got totally wrong. :)

Immorality of Pain

To make a moral theory based on the supposition that people seek pleasure and happiness and avoid pain doesn't seem very hard. I would argue that causing another person pain is immoral because it denys their human right to seek pleasure. So you should seek happiness for yourself, but never in a way that causes another person pain. I'm assuming that the theory only has to work in a perfect world, because in this one people can't seem to get anything they want without causing another person pain, at least emotional pain. I'm an acting major, so I can't get a role that I want that will give me happiness without disappointing everyone else who wanted the role.

So perhaps there needs to be a certain level of pain for the action to be considered immoral, since we cannot determine every little side effect our doings will have on other people... or we would never do anything. It would be difficult to determine a rule by witch you measure pain to determine immorality. Not sharing a bag of gummy bears with your friends might make them unhappy but it's not exactly immoral... however not sharing food with someone who is starving to death could be immoral. Perhaps it should be based on how your decision effects the other person's quality of life.

I think I like that last thought the best. Based on the Happiness vs. Pain moral structure, I'm going to say that it is immoral to cause someone pain that is significant enough to damage their quality of life. Something that doesn't change their quality of life but is still painfull falls under the heading of rudeness.

Those are my thoughts.

Onora and Kant

It seems to me that O'Neil's argument centers around using Kant's ideas because she thinks that a set of children's rights based on an obligatory system would be better than a set of fundamental rights. Her argument seems to be that it's better to enforce parental obligations than children's rights, because it's harder for a child to claim their own rights than it would be to enforce the obligations of a parent to care for their children.



I liked her explanation of how an obligation can automatically infer a right for a specified group. Having these obligations can automatically lead to fundamental rights. She's arguing that an obligation is better because if you follow your obligations then fundamental rights are automatically ensured. I think another thing she is getting at is that with an obligation, in the adult/child example, since it is an obligation the child does not need to have rights, which could be waived in certain situations.



Part of the problem with using obligations as guidelines is that different people feel they have fulfilled obligations at different times. For example: You are obligated to feed your children. One person might feel like one slice of toast every day fulfills that obligation. Unless you are specific enough with an obligation (You are obligated to feed your children three healty meals every day) different people could come to different conclusions and see nothing wrong with their actions. But if we judged by obligation than something like this would probably be detected.

Starting Hume

I am not totally understanding how these three reasons mean that our moral views are objective and based on our own bias. I think it's very difficult for people to be objective. I would agree that we are influenced by the feelings of others and that we do compare ourselves to the situations of others in order to decide how we feel about our situation but I don't see how that makes it objective. Hopefully I will understand better when we discuss in class and start the readings.

A Common Goal?

Is there a single goal that all human beings are interested in reaching? What is it? Try to develop a method or approach to living by which all human beings can achieve this end. What reasons do you have for believing that this method or approach to living will help all human beings get closer to this end if allowed?

I think that a goal all humans share is their search for happiness. However we all find diffrent things fulfilling. One person might find happiness in their job, another spending time with their family, and maybe another doing a favorite hobby. All people search for happiness, it's what we want in life. All of us are motivated by our desires. Most of us are here in college to study for a career we want to pursue. Or we're here because we want to appease a family member who insisted we attend. Do we ever really do anything that's not to our benifit? Yes, a lot of the time I don't really want to do my homework, but I do want to graduate, and that can't happen if I don't do my homework. Also some of us might really not enjoy our job, but we want the money that we get for doing it. So I would say that we do almost everything we do to promote our own happiness and fulfilment.

I'm not sure there is an approach to make sure that everyone has a fulfilling life. For example if two people need the exact same job to find fulfillment, one of them is not going to get what they want. Or maybe both a friend and I want to exclusively date the same guy, we can't both get what will make us happy... and what if it wouldn't make the guy happy to date either one of us? I think the only way we could all reach our goal of fulfillment is if none of our needs intersected, or if we could all acheive happiness in a way that wouldn't interfere with the happiness of another person. I don't think that it is realistically possible but that would have to be the approach for everyone to reach thier common goal.

Getting ready for Plato

(a) In a situation where one person is being harmed and the other is doing the harming, which is most to be avoided, harming the other or being harmed by another? Why? What if the person doing the harming will not get caught? What if the person doing the harming can avoid feeling guilty? The harms we are talking about can be minor (stealing parking place), moderate (embezzlement), or major (genocide).

I think it's more important to not harm another than to avoid harm. If everyone would choose to harm another rather than be harmed themselves than there wouldn't be an end to the cycle of harm. Whether you will be caught or not shouldn't be part of an ethical decision. From what I understand ethics is about what you personally consider to be right and wrong and those circumstances shouldn't change depending on whether or not anyone else knows about it. Whether the person feels guilty or not cannot always be a guide. There are many criminals who do not feel remorse or guilt for their crimes, but that does not mean no harm has been done.

(b) What skills should we work to possess, the skills to persuade others to agree with out beliefs or the skills to discern whether the beliefs we have are true or false?

It is more important to be able to discern whether your own beliefs are true or false. If you just blindly try to persuade others to your thinking without examining your own beliefs than how can you be sure that your beleif is more ethical?

What do (a ) and (b) have in common?

It's important to be able to persuade in ethics, but when answering the questions in (a) it's more important to be able to know why you beleive what you believe than being able to convince people that your veiw is correct. You really have to be able to question your own beliefs before you can press them onto others.

Here it is!

So I've made my blog! Group discussions on Wed. were so much fun! I feel like in our group we made some good points and I'm looking forward to tomorrow morning!